The applications were signed by President Mahmoud Abbas of the Palestinian Authority on Tuesday evening as part of a move to gain the benefits of statehood outside the negotiations process.
They were delivered on Wednesday morning to Robert Serry, the United Nations special coordinator in the region, and, in cases where relevant, to representatives of Switzerland and the Netherlands, according to Palestinian officials.
Riyad al-Malki, the Palestinian foreign minister, delivered the letters to Mr Serry at a meeting in the West Bank city of Jericho between Mr Serry and Saeb Erekat, the chief Palestinian negotiator.
Saskia Ramming, a spokeswoman for Mr Serry, said the letters now would be relayed to the appropriate body for each of the 15 treaties and conventions the Palestinians want to join, and that there is "a whole procedure involved of examining" the documents. "You basically submit that you want to accede and then it goes to the depository and there's a process of review," Ms Ramming said. "To say this takes effect tomorrow, that's a bit misleading."
Muhammad Shtayyeh, a senior adviser to Mr Abbas and a former negotiator, said that the Palestinian move was a reaction to Israel's failure to release a fourth batch of long-serving Palestinian prisoners by March 29 and that the time for additional diplomatic maneuvering had run out.
"We waited three days, from March 29 until April 1, to give American diplomacy a chance and to give the Israelis a chance," Mr Shtayyeh said.
Mr Abbas's actions, which appeared to catch American and Israeli officials by surprise, prompted Secretary of State John Kerry to cancel a planned return to the region on Wednesday, in which he had expected to complete an agreement extending negotiations through 2015.
In that planned deal, the United States would release an American convicted of spying for Israel more than 25 years ago, while Israel would free hundreds of Palestinian prisoners and slow down construction of Jewish settlements in the West Bank.
Mr Abbas, who had vowed not to seek membership of international bodies until the April 29 expiration of the talks that Mr Kerry started last summer, said he was taking this course because Israel had failed to release the fourth batch of Palestinian prisoners.
Israeli officials say they are not bound by their pledge because no meaningful negotiations have taken place since November.
American officials, while rattled, said the Palestinians appeared to be using leverage against Israel rather than trying to scuttle the negotiations. Mr Abbas, they noted, did not move toward joining the International Criminal Court, a step Israel fears most because the Palestinians could use the court to contest Israel's presence in the West Bank.
Still, a senior American official said Mr Kerry's decision not to return to the region immediately reflected a growing impatience in the White House, which believes that his mediating efforts have reached their limit and that the two sides need to work their way out of the current impasse.
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In announcing the moves on Tuesday, Mr Abbas said, "This is our right." He has been under pressure from other Palestinian leaders and the public to leverage the nonmember observer-state status they won at the United Nations in 2012 to join a total of 63 international bodies.
"We do not want to use this right against anybody or to confront anybody," he said, as he signed the membership applications live on Palestinian television. "We don't want to collide with the U.S. administration. We want a good relationship with Washington because it helped us and exerted huge efforts. But because we did not find ways for a solution, this becomes our right."
The United States voted against the Palestinians' 2012 bid in the United Nations General Assembly, and it blocked a similar effort in 2011 at the Security Council, arguing that negotiations with Israel were the only path to peace and statehood.
Washington has also vigorously opposed Palestinian membership in the international agencies, which under a law passed by Congress could prompt a withdrawal of financial aid to the Palestinian Authority and a shutdown of the Palestinian diplomatic mission in Washington.
While the Palestinians' pursuit of the international route is widely viewed as a poison pill for the peace talks, Mr Abbas and Mr Kerry held out hope on Tuesday night that they could still be salvaged. The agencies Mr Abbas moved to join include the Geneva and Vienna Conventions and those dealing with women's and children's rights.
"It is completely premature tonight to draw any kind of judgment, certainly any kind of final judgment, about today's events and where things are," Mr Kerry told reporters in Brussels, where he was meeting with NATO foreign ministers on the Ukrainian crisis.
"I'm not going to get into the who, why, what, when, where, how of why we're where we are today," he added. "The important thing is to keep the process moving and find a way to see whether the parties are prepared to move forward."
"Even tonight," Mr Kerry said, "both parties say they want to continue to try to find a way forward."
President Obama has given Mr Kerry broad latitude to try to keep the process alive, even authorizing him to discuss the possible release of Jonathan J Pollard, a former Navy intelligence officer serving a life sentence in the United States for espionage, whose release Israel has long sought. That would only be as part of a broader package of measures that American officials said would give the negotiations a genuine chance to succeed.
Such a move would antagonize the nation's intelligence agencies, senior officials said, but might be worth the cost to keep the talks from collapsing. Mr Pollard is eligible for parole in 2015, they noted, so his value as a bargaining chip is diminishing.
Mr Obama, officials said, was in frequent contact with Mr Kerry when both were in Europe last week, and during Mr Kerry's travels there this week. The president has rejected previous pleas by the Israelis to release Mr Pollard, but with Mr Kerry having invested so deeply in the peace process, officials said, Mr Obama wanted to back him up.
Whether, and how, to use Mr Pollard has been vigorously debated within the administration. While some officials argue that he should be used only to break the logjam on final-status issues — the borders of a new Palestinian state, for example — Mr Kerry has argued that these issues will all be decided as a package at the end of the talks. Mr Kerry has argued that Mr Pollard could be more useful now in keeping the talks alive, given the possibility of parole, according to officials.
Still, the crisis is the most significant yet for talks that have been troubled from the start, with few beyond Mr Kerry and his team believing there was much chance of closing the gaps in the two sides' positions. Mr Kerry has made the peace process a personal mission, with a dozen trips to the region in the past year, including two over the past week, interrupting his efforts to counter Russia's aggression toward Ukraine.
While Middle East analysts widely praised Mr Kerry's determination, many thought he was on a fool's errand. He long ago abandoned his original goal of achieving a final-status agreement within nine months, and in recent weeks he even de-emphasized his proposed framework of core principles for a deal, focusing instead simply on extending the timetable.
"It's a process leading nowhere," Khalil Shikaki, a Palestinian pollster and political scientist, said on Tuesday morning. "The basic compromises that this Israeli government is willing to endorse are unacceptable to the majority of the Palestinians." He added, "There is no chance."
Daniel C Kurtzer, a former American ambassador to Israel, said: "All of the indications are that this is moribund. We're now into Plan B, which has two parts: the blame game, which is well underway, and a last-ditch effort by the United States not to have the collapse lead to violence."
Israeli officials remained silent about Mr Abbas's move Tuesday night. A spokesman for Prime Minister Benjamin Netanyahu declined to discuss it, or how it might affect the deal that had emerged earlier in the day to continue the talks for at least another nine months.
Mr Abbas's actions came after a frenzied day of rumors in Israel, where officials said a deal was emerging in which Mr Pollard would be freed before the Passover holiday, which starts on April 14. Israel would free the remaining long-serving prisoners — including 14 Palestinian citizens of Israel, whose release is particularly delicate because it raises questions of sovereignty — as well as 400 others, many of them women and children, who had not committed murder.
In addition, Israel would promise to "show restraint" in settlement construction, according to an official involved in the negotiations, by not starting new government housing projects in the West Bank. Projects underway would be allowed to continue, the official said, and East Jerusalem would not be included.
(Jodi Rudoren reported from Jerusalem, Michael R Gordon from Brussels and Mark Landler from Washington. Isabel Kershner contributed reporting from Jerusalem.)
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